Responsive Web Design: a Tool to Offer Content and Learning Objects to Distance Education Courses in Primary Care
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Abstract
Distance Education (DE) has gained increasing prominence in the global education scenario, due to its capacity to democratize education, providing more flexible conditions of access to education by means of facilitating interactions tools. In Brazil, this is already a viable reality for major parts of population, that faces geographical, physical and personal difficulties and for whom DE means an alternative to professional qualification. The National Policy of the Brazilian Ministry of Health established the Permanent Health Education, seeking production of autonomy and comprehensive care in different areas of health in Brazil. Operating via collaboration with the Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), the Open University of Brazilian National Health System (UNA-SUS) offers specialization courses appropriated to the Brazilian social reality and that aims to empower strategic areas of Primary Care. These qualifications use models of presence and distance interactions and end up creating a public and collaborative collection of educational materials for health care, besides promoting the incorporation of new technologies of information and communication to such educational process. Recently, the so-called M-Learning or Mobile Learning, a new concept that uses mobile devices within the educational environment, became widely discussed. The phones became smartphones, capable of processing tasks and application similar to a desktop computer. This leads to the necessity of providing knowledge and learning objects through these mobile devices. It adds to DE the convenience of learning anywhere, anytime, and with lower costs than desktops or notebooks. Among the various solutions that have emerged to display web content on mobile devices interfaces, the most important is the technology of Responsive Web Design, which consists of a methodology for developing web interfaces, using the usual languages for the construction of pages in a way that they respond dynamically to changes in the size of the browser screen and the type of access device, by adapting their interfaces for proper viewing in each device. The purpose of this paper is to present a functional solution to offer content and learning objects to students of the courses offered by UNA-SUS, through the creation of a learning interface for mobile devices using the technology Responsive Web Design. To this end, a standard educational interface was defined, using techniques of Responsive Web Design, by considering the following items: use of images, navigation and orientation, arrangement of texts, interactivity, layout and usability. Then, the educational and responsive interface was developed with HTML 5, CSS 3 and Javascript technologies, respecting the standards of the World Wide Web consortium - W3C and theories of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). The results can be seen through the educational material already available in courses currently offered by UNA-SUS.
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